How does one move towards authoritarianism?
Moving toward authoritarianism is usually a gradual process where power becomes concentrated in the hands of one leader or a small elite, and democratic checks and balances are weakened or dismantled. Here’s how it typically unfolds:
1. Exploiting Fear and Crisis
Leaders invoke threats—real or exaggerated (e.g., crime, terrorism, economic instability)—to justify emergency powers.
Public fear creates a willingness to trade liberty for security.
2. Undermining Institutions
Independent courts, legislatures, and watchdogs are attacked or sidelined.
Laws are rewritten to favor executive control.
Loyalists are installed in key roles (judiciary, military, media).
3. Silencing Dissent
Critics, journalists, and opposition leaders are harassed, arrested, or discredited.
Media is censored or co-opted; propaganda becomes widespread.
4. Eroding Democratic Norms
Elections may still occur but become manipulated: voter suppression, rigging, disqualifying opposition.
Constitutional changes or legal loopholes extend leaders' time in power.
5. Cult of Personality
The leader is portrayed as essential, uniquely gifted, or the savior of the nation.
Loyalty to the leader becomes equated with loyalty to the country.
6. Suppressing Civil Liberties
Freedom of speech, protest, and assembly is restricted.
Surveillance and policing increase to control the population.
This process can be fast in a crisis or slow over years. It often happens with public support, especially if the authoritarian leader presents themselves as a solution to chaos, corruption, or insecurity.